Reading section 15

[Footnote 286: The term used _hitavadi_ signifies, who speak for the welfare of; which we assume to have the sense we have given to it.]

[Footnote 287: Supra bk. 1, sl. 365.]

[Footnote 288: Supra note[282]]

[Footnote 289: Lassen, in his _Indische Alterthumskunde_ (vol. 2, p. 238), speaking of the edicts of king Asoca (B. C. 250), which refer to _pashandas_, describes these as a sect who disbelieved alike in the brahminical and buddhist tenets. We have, in sloka 70, rendered the word 'infidels.']

[Footnote 290: Manu, ch. 8, sl. 41, 219, 21, 410, 18.]

[Footnote 291: ibid. sl. 215--218.]

[Footnote 292: The expression is 'servant,' as opposed to, master, or employer.]

[Footnote 293: _scil._ a merchant, owner of cattle, or landed proprietor. (_M._)]

[Footnote 294: As, by improvident expenditure. (_M._)]

[Footnote 295: Signifying plurality generally. (_M._)]

[Footnote 296: Colebrooke renders this sloka differently; Dig. B. 3, ch. 1, sec. 1, Sec.65. We have adhered closely to the text.]

[Footnote 297: _scil._ the keeper.]

[Footnote 298: Infra sl. 267.]

[Footnote 299: But one word is used in the original, which the Commentator thus explains. The foregoing rules for gamblers and gaming must be taken to have superseded the rigid prohibition in the Dharma Sastra of Manu, ch. 9, sl. 220--228.]

[Footnote 300: Manu ch. 8, sl. 274, where the offence is much more leniently dealt with.]

[Footnote 301: The intent of these insulting allusions is obvious.]

[Footnote 302: What we have rendered 'cast' is expressed by two words in the original, _varna_ and _jati._ The first is defined by the Commentator--the four casts; the second--the mixed classes or casts.]

[Footnote 303: Manu, ch. 8, sl. 267, 8, 9, 70, 276, 7.]

[Footnote 304: The Commentator instances the buttocks.]

[Footnote 305: such as tears, nails, hair, wax of the ear, &c. (_M._)]

[Footnote 306: So explained by the Commentator.]

[Footnote 307: Manu, ch. 8, sl. 279, 80.]

[Footnote 308: Manu, ch. 8, sl. 284.]

[Footnote 309: The Commentator instances the tongue.]

[Footnote 310: Manu ch. 8, sl. 284, 286-7.]

[Footnote 311: _i. e._ each wrong doer pays the double fine. (_M._)]

[Footnote 312: Manu ch. 8, sl. 287.]

[Footnote 313: or any other insensitive part, _sakha._]

[Footnote 314: Manu ch. 8, sl. 297-8.]

[Footnote 315: root as well as trunk. (_M._)]

[Footnote 316: _scil._ the mango. (_M._)]

[Footnote 317: _scil._ 20, 40, 80. (_M._)]

[Footnote 318: Manu, ch. 8, sl. 285.]

[Footnote 319: This word is commonly used to signify any violent aggression upon person or property, and is defined here by the Commentator to be, the forcibly taking away of properly either public or private. Manu, ch. 8, sl. 332.]

[Footnote 320: _e.g._ an _acharya_. (_M._) Supra note[155] in fin. The injunction evidently has reference to one whose office or character entitles him to the respect and obedience of those about him, pupils or disciples.]

[Footnote 321: This may be 'his brother or his wife.']

[Footnote 322: The Commentator does not explain this description.]

[Footnote 323: _scil._ those of the same village or country. (_M._)]

[Footnote 324: _i. e._ when not authorised by the 'Sastras. Supra sl. 127.]

[Footnote 325: An outcast.]

[Footnote 326: The Commentator explains this term here by _digambara_, which is the usual designation of a Buddha mendicant.]

[Footnote 327: as if a Sudra teach the Vedas.]

[Footnote 328: Manu inflicts 600 _panas_, ch. 8, sl. 389.]

[Footnote 329: Thus the Commentator supplies the ellipsis.]

[Footnote 330: instead of acting as a mediator. (_M._)]

[Footnote 331: when it is agreed to decide the dispute by a wager, (_M._)]

[Footnote 332: of quantity, for water, grain, &c.]

[Footnote 333: _nanaka_, Wilson's _Ariana antiqua_ pa. 364. The Commentator defines this word--something stamped with an impression, as a _nishka_--this is a piece of gold of a certain standard or weight.]

[Footnote 334: Manu, ch. 9, sl. 232.]

[Footnote 335: _i. e._ who, though ignorant of the _Ajur Veda_ sets up as a practitioner of the medical art. (_M._) Manu, ch. 9, sl. 284.]

[Footnote 336: The Commentator adds 'without royal authority.']

[Footnote 337: After having summoned the accused to take his trial. (_M._) This explanation shows, that the injunction applies to judicial functionaries, although in its terms general.]

[Footnote 338: literally, adds something inferior to. Manu, ch. 9, sl. 286,7.]

[Footnote 339: _e. g._ substituting a basket of crystals for one of jewels. (_M._)]

[Footnote 340: as camphor, or musk. (_M._)]

[Footnote 341: _i. e._ combining to buy up at a low rate some foreign merchandize, or to revend it at a dear rate.]

[Footnote 342: Manu, ch. 8, sl. 398, 401, 2.]

[Footnote 343: _semble_ in the daily prices, purchasers and sellers respectively profiting by an increase or diminution of the tariff of prices.]

[Footnote 344: Literally, 'expenses arising out of the commodity,' which the Commentator explains to be, the cost of import, customs-duty, &c.]

[Footnote 345: The Commentator adds the condition, 'if he have not repented him of his bargain.']