Reading section 56

Canto XXXI. The Envoy.

Thus Ráma spoke, and Lakshmaṇ then Made answer to the prince of men: “Yea, if the Vánar, undeterred By fear of vengeance, break his word, Loss of his royal power ere long Shall pay the traitor for the wrong. Nor deem I him so void of sense To brave the bitter consequence. But if enslaved to joy he lie, And scorn thy grace with blinded eye, Then let him join his brother slain: Unmeet were such a wretch to reign. Quick rises, kindling in my breast, The wrath that will not be repressed, And bids me in my fury slay The breaker of his faith to-day. Let Báli’s son thy consort trace With bravest chiefs of Vánar race.”

Thus spoke the hero, and aglow With rage of battle seized his bow. But Ráma thus in gentler mood With fitting words his speech renewed: “No hero with a soul like thine To paths of sin will e’er incline, He who his angry heart can tame Is worthiest of a hero’s name. Not thine, my brother, be the part So alien from the tender heart, Nor let thy feet by wrath misled Forsake the path they loved to tread. From harsh and angry words abstain: With gentle speech a hearing gain, And tax Sugríva with the crime Of failing faith and wasted time.”

Then Lakshmaṇ, bravest of the brave, Obeyed the hest that Ráma gave, To whom devoting every thought The Vánar’s royal town he sought. As Mandar’s mountain heaves on high His curved peak soaring to the sky, So Lakshmaṇ showed, his dread bow bent Like Indra’s(634) in the firmament. His brother’s wrath, his brother’s woe Inflamed his soul to fiercest glow. The tallest trees to earth were cast As furious on his way he passed, And where he stepped, so fiercely fleet, The stones were shivered by his feet. He reached Kishkindhá’s city deep Embosomed where the hills were steep, Where street and open square were lined With legions of the Vánar kind. Then, as his lips with fury swelled, The lord of Raghu’s line beheld A stream of Vánar chiefs outpoured To do obeisance to their lord. But when the mighty prince in view Of the thick coming Vánars drew, They turned them in amaze to seize Crags of the rock and giant trees. He saw, and fiercer waxed his ire, As oil lends fury to the fire. Scarce had the Vánar chieftains seen That wrathful eye, that troubled mien Fierce as the God’s who rules the dead, When, turned in wild affright, they fled. Speeding in breathless terror all Sought King Sugríva’s council hall, And there made known their tale of fear, That Lakshmaṇ wild with rage, was near. The king, untroubled by alarms, Held Tárá in his amorous arms, And in the distant bower with her Heard not each clamorous messenger. Then, summoned at the lords’ behest Forth from the city portals pressed, Each like some elephant or cloud, The Vánars in a trembling crowd: Fierce warriors all with massive jaws And terrors of their tiger claws, Some matched ten elephants, and some A hundred’s strength could overcome. Some chieftains, mightier than the rest, Ten times a hundred’s force possessed. With eyes of fury Lakshmaṇ viewed The Vánars’ tree-armed multitude. Thus garrisoned from side to side The city walls assault defied. Beyond the moat that girt the wall Advanced the Vánar chiefs; and all Upon the plain in firm brigade, Impetuous warriors, stood arrayed. Red at the sight flashed Lakshmaṇ’s eyes, His bosom heaved tumultuous sighs, And forth the fire of fury broke Like flame that flashes through the smoke. Like some fierce snake the hero stood: His bow recalled the expanded hood, And in his shaft-head bright and keen The flickering of its tongue was seen: And in his own all-conquering might The venom of its deadly bite. Prince Angad marked his angry look, And every hope his heart forsook. Then, his large eyes with fury red, To Angad Lakshmaṇ turned and said:

“Go tell the king that Lakshmaṇ waits For audience at the city gates, Whose heart, O tamer of thy foes, Is heavy with his brother’s woes. Bid him to Ráma’s word attend, And ask if he will aid his friend. Go, let the king my message learn: Then hither with all speed return.”

Prince Angad heard and wild with grief Cried as he looked upon the chief: “’Tis Lakshmaṇ’s self: impelled by ire He seeks the city of my sire.” At the fierce words and furious look Of Raghu’s son he quailed and shook. Back through the city gates he sped, And, laden with the tale of dread, Sought King Sugríva, filled his ears And Rumá’s with his doubts and fears. To Rumá and the king he bent, And clasped their feet most reverent, Clasped the dear feet of Tárá, too, And told the startling tale anew.

But King Sugríva’s ear was dulled, By love and wine and languor lulled, Nor did the words that Angad spake The slumberer from his trance awake. But soon as Raghu’s son came nigh The startled Vánars raised a cry, And strove to win his grace, while dread Each anxious heart disquieted. They saw, and, as they gathered round, Rose from the mighty throng a sound Like torrents when they downward dash, Or thunder with the lightning’s flash. The shouting of the Vánars broke Sugríva’s slumber, and he woke: Still with the wine his eyes were red, His neck with flowers was garlanded. Roused at the voice of Angad came Two Vánar lords of rank and fame; One Yaksha, one Prabháva hight,— Wise counsellors of gain and right. They came and raised their voices high, And told that Raghu’s son was nigh: “Two brothers steadfast in their truth, Each glorious in the bloom of youth, Worthy of rule, have left the skies, And clothed their forms in men’s disguise. One at thy gates, in warlike hands Holding his mighty weapon, stands. His message is the charioteer That brings the eager envoy near, Urged onward by his bold intent, And by the hest of Ráma sent.” The gathered Vánars saw and fled, And raised aloud their cry of dread. Son of Queen Tárá, Angad ran To parley with the godlike man. Still fiery-eyed with rage and hate Stands Lakshmaṇ at the city gate, And trembling Vánars scarce can fly Scathed by the lightning of his eye. “Go with thy son, thy kith and kin, The favour of the prince to win, And bow thy reverent head that so His fiery wrath may cease to glow. What righteous Ráma bids thee, do, And to thy plighted word be true.”

Canto XXXII. Hanumán’s Counsel.

Sugríva heard, and, trained and tried In counsel, to his lords replied: “No deed of mine, no hasty word The anger of the prince has stirred. But haply some who hate me still And watch their time to work me ill, Have slandered me to Raghu’s son, Accused of deeds I ne’er have done. Now, O my lords—for you are wise— Speak truly what your hearts advise, And, pondering each event, inquire The reason of the prince’s ire. No fear have I of Lakshmaṇ: none: No dread of Raghu’s mightier son. But wrath, that fires a friendly breast Without due cause, disturbs my rest. With labour light is friendship gained, But with severest toil maintained. And doubt is strong, and faith is weak, And friendship dies when traitors speak. Hence is my troubled bosom cold With fear of Ráma lofty-souled; For heavy on my spirit weigh His favours I can ne’er repay.”

He ceased: and Hanumán of all The Vánars in the council hall In wisdom first, and rank, expressed The thoughts that filled his prudent breast: “No marvel thou rememberest yet The service thou shouldst ne’er forget, How the brave prince of Raghu’s seed Thy days from fear and peril freed; And Báli for thy sake o’erthrew, Whom Indra’s self might scarce subdue. I doubt not Ráma’s anger burns For the scant love thy heart returns. For this he sends his brother, him Whose glory never waxes dim. Sunk in repose thy careless eye Marks not the seasons as they fly, Nor sees that autumn has begun With dark blooms opening to the sun. Clear is the sky: no cloudlet mars The splendour of the shining stars. The balmy air is soft and still, And clear and bright are lake and rill. Thou heedest not with blinded eyes The hour for warlike enterprise. Hence Lakshmaṇ hither comes to break Thy slothful trance and bid thee wake. Then, Monarch, with a patient ear The high-souled Ráma’s message hear, Which, reft of wife and realm and friends, Thus by another’s mouth he sends. Thou, Vánar King, hast done amiss: And now I see no way but this: Before his envoy humbly stand And sue for peace with suppliant hand. High duty bids a courtier seek His master’s weal, and freely speak. So by no thought of fear controlled My speech, O King, is free and bold, For Ráma, if his anger glow, Can, with the terrors of his bow This earth with all the Gods subdue, Gandharvas,(635) and the demon crew. Unwise to stir his wrathful mood Whose favour must again be wooed. And, most of all, unwise for one Grateful like thee for service done. Go with thy son and kinsmen: bend Thy humble head and greet thy friend. And, like a fond obedient spouse, Be faithful to thy plighted vows.”

Canto XXXIII. Lakshman’s Entry.

Through the fair city Lakshmaṇ came, Invited in Sugríva’s name. Within the gates the guardian bands, Of Vánars raised their suppliant hands, And in their ordered ranks, amazed, Upon the princely hero gazed, They marked each burning breath he drew, The fury of his soul they knew. Their hearts were chilled with sudden fear: They gazed, but dared not venture near, Before his eyes the city, gay With gems and flowery gardens, lay, Where fane and palace rose on high, And things of beauty charmed the eye. Where trees of every blossom grew Yielding their fruit in season due To Vánars of celestial seed Who wore each varied form at need, Fair-faced and glorious with the shine Of heavenly robes and wreaths divine. There sandal, aloe, lotus bloomed, And there delicious breath perfumed The city’s broad street, redolent Of sugary mead(636) and honey scent. There many a lofty palace rose Like Vindhya or the Lord of Snows, And with sweet murmur sparkling rills Leapt lightly down the sheltering hills. On many a glorious palace, raised For prince and noble,(637) Lakshmaṇ gazed: Like clouds of paly hue they shone With fragrant wreaths that hung thereon: There wealth of jewels was enshrined, And fairer gems of womankind. There gleamed, of noble height and size, Like Indra’s mansion in the skies, Protected by a crystal fence Of rock, the royal residence, With roof and turret high and bright Like Mount Kailása’s loftiest height. There blooming trees, Mahendra’s gift, High o’er the walls were seen to lift Their golden fruited boughs, that made With leaf and flower delicious shade. He saw a band of Vánars wait, Wielding their weapons, at the gate Where golden portals flashed between Celestial garlands red and green. Within Sugríva’s fair abode Unchecked the mighty hero strode, As when the sun of autumn shrouds His glory in a pile of clouds. Through seven wide courts he quickly passed, And reached the royal tower at last, Where seats were set with couch and bed Of gold and silver richly spread. While the young chieftain’s feet drew near The sound of music reached his ear, As the soft breathings of the flute Came blending with the voice and lute. Then beauty showed her youth and grace And varied charm of form and face: Soft bright-eyed creatures, fair and young,— Gay garlands round their necks were hung, And greater charms to each were lent By richest dress and ornament. He saw the calm attendants wait About their lord in careless state, Heard women’s girdles chime in sweet Accordance with their tinkling feet. He heard the anklet’s silvery sound, He saw the calm that reigned around, And o’er him, as he listened, came A rush of rage, a flood of shame. He drew his bowstring: with the clang From ease to west the welkin rang: Then in his modest mood withdrew A little from the ladies’ view. And sternly silent stood apart, While wrath for Ráma filled his heart. Sugríva knew the sounding string, And at the call the Vánar king Sprang swiftly from his golden seat, And feared the coming prince to meet. Then with cold lips that terror dried To beauteous Tárá thus he cried: “What cause of anger, O my spouse Fair with the charm of lovely brows, Sets Lakshmaṇ’s gentle breast on fire, And brings him in unwonted ire? Say, canst thou see, O faultless dame, A cause to fill his soul with flame? For there must be a reason when Such fury stirs the king of men. Reveal the sin, if sin of mine Anger the lord of Raghu’s line. Or go thyself, his rage subdue, And with soft words his

favour woo. Soon as on thee his eyes are set His heart this anger will forget, For men like him of lofty mind Are never stern with womankind. First let thy gentle speech disarm His fury, and his spirit charm, And I, from fear of peril free, The conqueror of his foes will see.”

She heard: with faltering steps and slow, With eyes that shone with trembling glow, With gold-girt body gently bent To meet the stranger prince she went. When Lakshmaṇ saw the Vánar queen With tranquil eyes and modest mien, Before the dame he bent his head, And anger, at her presence, fled. Made bold by draughts of wine, and cheered By Lakshmaṇ’s look no more she feared, And in the trust his favour lent She thus addressed him eloquent: “Whence springs thy burning fury? say: Who dares thy will to disobey? Who checks the maddened flames that seize On forests full of withered trees?”

Then Lakshmaṇ spoke, her mind to ease, His kind reply in words like these:

“Thy lord his days in pleasure spends, Heedless of duty and of friends, Nor dost thou mark, though fondly true, The evil path his steps pursue. He cares not for affairs of state, Nor us forlorn and desolate, But sits a mere spectator still, A sensual slave to pleasure’s will. Four months were fixed, the time agreed When he should help us in our need: But, bound in toils of pleasure fast, He sees not that the months are past. Where beats the heart which draughts of wine To virtue or to gain incline? Hast thou not heard those draughts destroy Virtue and gain and love and joy? For those who, helped at need, refuse Their aid in turn, their virtue lose: And they who scorn a friend disdain A treasure naught may buy again. Thy lord has cast his friend away, Nor feared from virtue’s path to stray, If this be true, declare, O dame Who knowest duty’s every claim, What further work remains for us Deceived and disappointed thus.”

She listened, for his words were kind, Where virtue showed with gain combined, And thus in turn the prince addressed, As hope was rising in his breast: “No time, no cause of wrath I see With those who live and honour thee: And thou shouldst bear without offence Thy servant’s fitful negligence. I know the seasons glide away, While Ráma maddens at delay I know what deed our thanks has earned, I know that grace should be returned. But still I know, whate’er befall, That conquering love is lord of all; Know where Sugríva’s thoughts, possessed By one absorbing passion, rest. But he whom sensual joys debase Heeds not the claim of time and place, And sees not with his blinded sight His duty or his gain aright. O pardon him who loves me! spare The Vánar caught in pleasure’s snare, And once again let Ráma grace With favour him who rules our race. E’en royal saints, whose chief delight Was penance and austerest rite, At love’s commandment have unbent, Beguiled by sweetest blandishment. And know, Sugríva, roused at last, The order to his lords has passed, And, long by love and bliss delayed, Wakes all on fire your hopes to aid. A countless host his city fills, New-gathered from a thousand hills: Impetuous chiefs, who wear at need Each varied form, his legions lead. Come then, O hero, kept aloof By modest awe, nor fear reproof: A faithful friend untouched by blame May look upon another’s dame.”

He passed within, by Tárá pressed, And by his own impatient breast, Refulgent there in sunlike sheen Sugríva on his throne was seen. Gay garlands round his neck were twined, And Rumá by her lord recline.

Canto XXXIV. Lakshman’s Speech.

Sugríva started from his rest With doubt and terror in his breast. He heard the prince’s furious tread He saw his eyes glow fiercely red. Swift sprang the monarch to his feet Upstarting from his golden seat. Rose Rumá and her fellows, too, And closely round Sugríva drew, As round the moon’s full glory stand Attendant stars in glittering band. Sugríva glanced with reddened eyes, Raised his joined hands in suppliant guise Flew to the door, and rooted there Stood like the tree that grants each prayer.(638) And Lakshmaṇ saw, and, fiercely moved, With angry speech the king reproved:

“Famed is the prince who loves the truth, Whose soul is touched with tender ruth, Who, liberal, keeps each sense subdued, And pays the debt of gratitude. But all unmeet a king to be, The meanest of the mean is he Who basely breaks the promise made To trusting friends who lent him aid. He sins who for a steed has lied, As if a hundred steeds had died: Or if he lie, a cow to win, Tenfold as heavy is the sin. But if the lie a man betray, Both he and his shall all decay.(639) O Vánar King, the thankless man Is worthy of the general ban, Who takes assistance of his friends, And in his turn no service lends. This verse of old by Brahmá sung Is echoed now by every tongue. Hear what He cried in angry mood Bewailing man’s ingratitude: “For draughts of wine, for slaughtered cows, For treacherous theft, for broken vows A pardon is ordained: but none For thankless scorn of service done.” Ungrateful, Vánar King, art thou, And faithless to thy plighted vow. For Ráma brought thee help, and yet Thou shunnest to repay the debt: Or, grateful, thou hadst surely pressed To aid the hero in his quest. Thou art, in vulgar pleasures drowned, False to thy bond in honour bound. Nor yet has Ráma’s guileless heart Discerned thee for the thing thou art— A snake who holds the frogs that cries And lures fresh victims as it dies. Brave Ráma, born for glorious fate, Has set thee in thy high estate, And to the Vánars’ throne restored, Great-souled himself, their mean-souled lord. Now if thy pride disown what he, High thoughted prince, has done for thee, Struck by his arrows shalt thou fall, And Báli meet in Yáma’s hall. Still open, to the gloomy God, Lies the sad path thy brother trod. Then to thy plighted word be true, Nor let thy steps that path pursue. Methinks the shafts of Ráma, shot Like thunderbolts, thou heedest not, Who canst, absorbed in sensual bliss, Thy promise from thy mind dismiss.”

Canto XXXV. Tárá’s Speech.

He ceased: and Tárá starry-eyed Thus to the angry prince replied: “Not to my lord shouldst thou address A speech so fraught with bitterness: Not thus reproached my lord should be, And least of all, O Prince, by thee. He is no thankless coward—no— With spirit dead to valour’s glow. From paths of truth he never strays, Nor wanders in forbidden ways. Ne’er will Sugríva’s heart forget, By Ráma saved, the lasting debt. Still in his grateful breast will live The succour none but he could give. Restored to fame by Ráma’s grace, To empire o’er the Vánar race, From ceaseless dread and toil set free, Restored to Rumá and to me: By grief and care and exile tried, New to the bliss so long denied, Like Viśvámitra once, alas, He marks not how the seasons pass. That saint ten thousand years remained, By sweet Ghritáchí’s(640) love enchained, And deemed those years, that flew away So lightly, but a single day. O, if those years unheeded flew By him who times and seasons knew, Unequalled for his lofty mind, What marvel meaner eyes are blind? Then be not angry, Raghu’s son, And let thy brother feel for one Who many a weary year has spent Stranger to love and blandishment. Let not this wrath thy soul inflame, Like some mean wretch unknown to fame: For high and noble hearts like thine Love mercy and to ruth incline, Calm and deliberate, and slow With anger’s raging fire to glow. At length, O righteous prince, relent, Nor let my words in vain be spent, This sudden blaze of fury slake, I pray thee for Sugríva’s sake. He would renounce at Ráma’s call Rumá and Angad, me and all Who call him lord: his gold and grain, The favour of his friend to gain. His arm shall slay the fiend more base In soul than all his impious race, And happy Ráma reunite To Sítá, rival in delight Of the triumphant Moon when he Rejoins his darling Rohiṇí.(641) Ten million million demons guard The gates of Lanká firmly barred. All hope until that host be slain, To smite the robber king is vain. Nor with Sugríva’s aid alone May king and host be overthrown. Thus ere he died—for well he knew— Spake Báli, and his words are true. I know not what his proofs might be, But speak the words he spake to me. Hence far and wide our lords are sent To raise the mightiest armament, For their return Sugríva waits Ere he can sally from his gates. Still is the oath Sugríva swore Kept firmly even as before: And the great host this day will be Assembled by the king’s decree, Ten thousand thousand troops, who wear The form of monkey and of bear, Prepared for thee the war to wage: Then let thy wrath no longer rage. The matrons of the Vánar race See marks of fury in thy face; They see thine eyes like blood are red, And will not yet be comforted.”

Canto XXXVI. Sugríva’s Speech.

She ceased: and Lakshmaṇ gave assent, Won by her gentle argument. So Tárá’s pleading, just and mild, His softening heart had reconciled. His altered mood Sugríva saw, And cast aside the fear and awe Like raiment heavy with the rain Which on his troubled soul had lain. Then quickly to the ground he threw His flowery garland, bright of hue, Which round his royal neck he wore, And, sobered, was himself once more. Then turning to the princely man In soothing words the king began: “My glory, wealth, and royal sway To other hands had passed away: But Ráma to my rescue came, And gave me back my power and fame. O Lakshmaṇ, say, whose grateful heart Could nurse the hope to pay in part, By service of a life, the deed Of Ráma sprung of heavenly seed? His foeman Rávaṇ shall be slain, And Sítá shall be his again. The hero’s side I will not leave, But he the conquest shall achieve. What need of help has he who drew His bow, and one great arrow flew Through seven tall trees, a mountain rent, And cleft the earth with force unspent? What aid needs he who shook his bow, And at the sound the earth below With hill and wood and rooted rock Quaked feverous with the thunder shock? Yet all my legions will I bring, And follow close the warrior king Marching on his impetuous way Fierce Rávaṇ and his hosts to slay. If I be guilty of offence, Careless through love or negligence, Let him his loyal slave forgive; For error cleaves to all who live.”

Thus king Sugríva, good and brave, In humble words his answer gave, Softened was Lakshmaṇ’s angry mood Who thus his friendly speech renewed: “My brother, Vánar King, will see A champion and a friend in thee. So strong art thou, so brave and bold, So pure in thought, so humble-souled, That thou deservest well to reign And all a monarch’s bliss to gain. Lend thou my brother aid, and all His foes beneath his arm will fall. Full well the words thou speakest suit A chieftain wise and resolute. With grateful heart that loves the right, And foot that never yields in fight. O come, and my sad brother cheer Who mourns the wife he holds so dear. O pardon, friend, my harsh address, And Ráma’s frantic bitterness.”

Canto XXXVII. The Gathering.

He ceased: and King Sugríva cried To sage Hanúmán(642) by his side: “Summon the Vánar legions, those Who dwell about the Lord of Snows: Those who in Vindhyan groves delight, Kailása’s, or Mahendra’s height, Dwell on the Five bright Peaks, or where Mandar’s white summit cleaves the air: Wherever they are wandring free In highlands by the western sea, On that east hill whence springs the sun, Or where he sinks when day is done. Call the great chiefs whose legions fill The forests of the Lotus Hill,(643) Where every one in strength and size With the stupendous Anjan(644) vies. Call those, with tints of burnished gold Whom Maháśaila’s caverns hold: Those who on Dhúmra roam, or hide In the wild woods on Meru’s side. Call those who, brilliant as the sun, On high Maháruṇ leap and run, Quaffing sweet juices that distil From odorous trees upon the hill, Call those whom tranquil haunts delight, Where dwell the sage and anchorite In groves that through their wide extent Exhale a thousand blossoms’ scent. Send out, send out: from coast to coast Assemble all the Vánar host: With force, with words, with gifts of price Compel, admonish and entice. Already envoys have been sent To warn them of their lord’s intent. Let others urged by thee repeat My mandate that their steps be fleet. Those lords who yielding to the sway Of love’s delight would fain delay, Urge hither with the utmost speed, Or with thee to my presence lead: And those who linger to the last Until ten days be come and passed, And dare their sovereign to defy, For their offence shall surely die. Thousands, yea millions, shall there be, Obedient to their king’s decree, The lions of the Vánar race, Assembled from each distant place, Forth shall they haste like hills in size, Or mighty clouds that veil the skies, And swiftly speeding on their way Bring all our legions in array.” He ceased: the son of Váyu(645) heard, Submissive to his sovereign’s word; And sent his rapid envoys forth To east and west and south and north. They bent their airy course afar Along the paths of bird and star, And sped through ether farther yet Where Vishṇu’s splendid sphere is set.(646) By sea, on hill, by wood and lake They called to arms for Ráma’s sake, As each with terror in his breast Obeyed his awful king’s behest. Three million Vánars, fierce and strong As Anjan’s self, a wondrous throng Sped from the spot where Ráma still Gazed restless from the woody hill. Ten million others, brave and bold, With coats that shone like burning gold, Came flying from the mountain crest Where sinks the weary sun to rest. Impetuous from the northern skies, Where Mount Kailása’s summits rise, Ten hundred millions hasted, hued Like manes of lions, ne’er subdued: The dwellers on Himálaya’s side, Whose food his roots and fruit supplied, With rangers of the Vindhyan chain And neighbours of the Milky Main.(647) Some from the palm groves where they fed, Some from the woods of betel sped: In countless numbers, fierce and brave, They came from mountain, lake, and cave.