Reading section 105

379 “The order of the procession on these occasions is that the children precede according to age, then the women and after that the men according to age, the youngest first and the eldest last: when they descend into the water this is reversed and resumed when they come out of it.” CAREY AND MARSHMAN.

380 Vṛihaspati, the preceptor of the Gods.

381 Garuḍ, the king of birds.

382 To be won by virtue.

383 The four religious orders, referable to different times of life are, that of the student, that of the householder, that of the anchorite, and that of the mendicant.

384 To Gods, men, and Manes.

385 Gayá is a very holy city in Behar. Every good Hindu ought once in his life to make funeral offerings in Gayá in honour of his ancestors.

_ 386 Put_ is the name of that region of hell to which men are doomed who leave no son to perform the funeral rites which are necessary to assure the happiness of the departed. _Putra_, the common word for a son is said by the highest authority to be derived from _Put_ and _tra_ deliverer.

387 It was the custom of Indian women when mourning for their absent husbands to bind their hair in a long single braid.

Carey and Marshman translate, “the one-tailed city.”

388 The verses in a different metre with which some cantos end are all to be regarded with suspicion. Schlegel regrets that he did not exclude them all from his edition. These lines are manifestly spurious. See _Additional Notes_.

389 This genealogy is a repetition with slight variation of that given in Book I, Canto LXX.

390 In Gorresio’s recension identified with Vishṇu. See Muir’s _Sanskrit Texts, Vol. IV. pp 29, 30_.

391 From _sa_ with, and _gara_ poison.

392 See Book I. Canto XL.

393 A practice which has frequently been described, under the name of _dherna_, by European travellers in India.

394 Compare Milton’s “_beseeching or beseiging_.”

395 Ten-headed, ten-necked, ten faced, are common epithets of Rávaṇ the giant king of Lanká.

396 The spouse of Rohiṇí is the Moon: Ráhu is the demon who causes eclipses.

397 “Once,” says the Commentator Tírtha, “in the battle between the Gods and demons the Gods were vanquished, and the sun was overthrown by Ráhu. At the request of the Gods Atri undertook the management of the sun for a week.”

398 Now Nundgaon, in Oudh.

399 A part of the great Daṇḍak forest.

400 When the saint Máṇḍavya had doomed some saint’s wife, who was Anasúyá’s friend, to become a widow on the morrow.

401 Heavenly nymphs.

402 The _ball_ or present of food to all created beings.

403 The clarified butter &c. cast into the sacred fire.

404 The Moon-God: “he is,” says the commentator, “the special deity of Bráhmans.”

405 “Because he was an incarnation of the deity,” says the commentator, “otherwise such honour paid by men of the sacerdotal caste to one of the military would be improper.”

406 The king of birds.

_ 407 Kálántakayamopamam_, resembling Yáma the destroyer.

408 Somewhat inconsistently with this part of the story Tumburu is mentioned in Book II, Canto XII as one of the Gandharvas or heavenly minstrels summoned to perform at Bharadvája’s feast.

409 Rambhá appears in Book I Canto LXIV as the temptress of Viśvámitra.

410 The conclusion of this Canto is all a vain repetition: it is manifestly spurious and a very feeble imitation of Válmíki’s style. See _Additional Notes_.

411 “Even when he had alighted,” says the commentator: The feet of Gods do not touch the ground.

412 A name of Indra.

413 Śachí is the consort of Indra.

414 The spheres or mansions gained by those who have duly performed the sacrifices required of them. Different situations are assigned to these spheres, some placing them near the sun, others near the moon.

415 Hermits who live upon roots which they dig out of the earth: literally _diggers_, derived from the prefix _vi_ and _khan_ to dig.

416 Generally, divine personages of the height of a man’s thumb, produced from Brahmá’s hair: here, according to the commentator followed by Gorresio, hermits who when they have obtained fresh food throw away what they had laid up before.

417 Sprung from the washings of Vishṇuu’s feet.

418 Four fires burning round them, and the sun above.

419 The tax allowed to the king by the Laws of Manu.

420 Near the celebrated Rámagiri or Ráma’s Hill, now Rám-ṭek, near Nagpore—the scene of the Yaksha’s exile in the _Messenger Cloud_.

421 A hundred _Aśvamedhas_ or sacrifices of a horse raise the sacrificer to the dignity of Indra.

422 Indra.

423 Gorresio observes that Daśaratha was dead and that Sítá had been informed of his death. In his translation he substitutes for the words of the text “thy relations and mine.” This is quite superfluous. Daśaratha though in heaven still took a loving interest in the fortunes of his son.

424 One of the hermits who had followed Ráma.

425 The lake of the five nymphs.

426 The holy fig-tree.

427 The bread-fruit tree, Artocarpus integrifolia.

428 A fine timber tree, Shorea robusta.

429 The God of fire.

430 Kuvera, the God of riches.

431 The Sun.

432 Brahmá, the creator.

433 Śiva.

434 The Wind-God.

435 The God of the sea.

436 A class of demi-gods, eight in number.

437 The holiest text of the Vedas, deified.